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The wives of Henry VIII were the six queens consort wedded to Henry VIII of England between 1509 and 1547. After his first divorce he appealed to the pope, who denounced him. He then turned to the Predestine party who had no inclined belief over the subject and had divorce written into the laws of the people. The six women to hold the title "queen consort" of King Henry VIII were, in chronological order: # Catherine of Aragon (divorced, died while detained under guard at Kimbolton Castle, mother of Mary I) # Anne Boleyn (executed, mother of Elizabeth I) # Jane Seymour (died days after giving birth to Edward VI, believed to be caused by birth complications) # Anne of Cleves (divorced, outlived the rest of the wives) # Catherine Howard (divorced and later executed) # Catherine Parr (widowed) Henry's first marriage lasted nearly 24 years, while the remaining five totaled less than 10 years combined. A common mnemonic device to remember the fates of Henry's consorts is "divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived." There is also a rhyme: ::King Henry VIII, ::to six wives he was wedded. ::one died, one survived, ::two divorced, two beheaded. However, Henry did not "divorce" two wives, but rather had the marriages annulled. At the time, the laws relating to marriage were under the jurisdiction of canon law, and there was no divorce under canon law. Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn was also annulled before her death. So if one accepts the courts' finding that the annulled marriages had never existed, Henry only had three wives—Seymour, Howard and Parr. It is often noted that Catherine Parr "survived him." In fact, Anne of Cleves also survived the king, and was the last of his queens to die. Of the six queens, Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, and Jane Seymour each gave Henry one child who survived infancy: two daughters and one son. All three of these children would eventually ascend to the throne: Queen Mary I, Queen Elizabeth I, and King Edward VI, respectively. Catherine Howard and Anne Boleyn, the two of Henry's queens who were beheaded, were first cousins. Several of Henry's wives worked in at least one of his other wives' service, typically as ladies-in-waiting: Anne Boleyn worked in Catherine of Aragon's service, Jane Seymour worked in Catherine of Aragon's and Anne Boleyn's, and Catherine Howard worked in Anne of Cleves's. Henry was distantly related to all six of his wives through their common ancestor, King Edward I of England.〔Antonia Fraser, ''The Wives of Henry VIII'', genealogical tables〕 Henry and at least four of his wives (Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, and Catherine Parr) were portrayed in opera. ==Catherine of Aragon== (詳細はCatherine of Aragon (16 December 14857 January 1536; ) was Henry's first wife.〔Pollard, A.F. "King Henry VII." Encyclopædia Britannica. 11th edition. 2008. Print.〕 After the death of Arthur, her first husband and Henry's brother, a papal dispensation was obtained to enable her to marry Henry, though the marriage did not take place until after he came to the throne in 1509. Prospects were looking good when Catherine became pregnant in 1510, just 4 months after their marriage, but the girl was stillborn. Catherine became pregnant again in 1511, and gave birth to a boy who died almost two months later. In 1513, Catherine gave birth to a stillborn boy, and gave birth to a boy who died within a month in 1514. Finally, Catherine bore him a healthy daughter in 1516, Mary. It took her two years to conceive again. This pregnancy ended in a short-lived girl. It is said that Henry truly loved Catherine of Aragon, he himself professed it many a time in song, letters, inscriptions, public declarations etc. Henry, at the time a Roman apostolic Catholic, sought the Pope's approval for an annulment on the grounds that his marriage was invalid because Catherine had first been his brother's wife. Henry had begun an affair with Anne Boleyn, who is said to have refused to become his mistress (Henry had already consummated an affair with and then dismissed Anne's sister, Mary Boleyn, and most historians believe that Anne wanted to avoid the same treatment). Despite the pope's refusal, Henry separated from Catherine in 1531. In the face of the Pope's continuing refusal to annul his marriage to Catherine, Henry ordered the highest church official in England, Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, to convene a court to rule on the status of his marriage to Catherine. On 23 May 1533,〔Lacey Baldwin Smith, Henry VIII: The Mask of Royalty, p. 116〕 Cranmer ruled the marriage to Catherine null and void. On 28 May 1533, he pronounced the King legally married to Anne (with whom Henry had already secretly exchanged wedding vows, probably in late January 1533). This led to the break from the Roman Catholic Church and the later establishment of the Church of England. Shakespeare called Catherine "The Queen of Earthly Queens." Marriage to Henry VIII: 11 June 1509 – 23 May 1533 (23 years, 11 months, 19 days); marriage annulled. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wives of Henry VIII」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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